The Rivera Process was developed by John H. Rivera to convert almost any form of biomass into three very important products--liquid fuel, gaseous fuel, and biochar. This type of process is particularly important in today’s world. Because global warming is caused by the use of fossil fuels which increase the CO2 levels in our atmosphere, it is important to replace fossil fuels with biofuels that do not increase CO2 levels.
CO2 levels. It is also important to develop technologies that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it permanently in the earth.
For national security reasons, it is also important to reduce the importation of foreign fuels by increasing domestic biofuel production. A secondary national security concern that will become more obvious as climate changes progress is the need to maintain our global food supply by improving crop yields as well as increasing the nutrient levels in food beyond that typical of crops grown in depleted soils. The Rivera Process is a breakthrough technology that can accomplish all of these crucial goals.
The Rivera Process is a major improvement on a process known as gas pyrolysis but does not exhibit any of the problems typical of pyrolysis reactions. The most significant difference between the Rivera Process and pyrolysis is the use of a proprietary catalyst developed by Mr. Rivera. It is easiest to understand the Rivera Process if we take a step-by-step look at the process.
Liquid fossil fuels are chemicals made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms linked together in long molecular chains which sometimes contain other substances such as oxygen and nitrogen. Interestingly enough, all living matter is also made up of these four elements. This is true of trees, grasses, grains, agricultural crops, algae, and other plant life, all of which are known as biomass. In nature, biomass becomes buried underground and over millions of years of exposure to heat and pressure becomes converted into fossil fuels. This occurs as the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the biomass are chemically modified and rearranged into the long molecular chains that make up fossil fuel. Thus, solid forms of biomass become converted into liquid forms of fossil fuels over eons of time. The Rivera Process accomplishes this same eons-long process in only eight minutes! This is how the Rivera Process accomplishes this.
The first step is to collect the biomass feedstock that will be converted into fuel. The Rivera Process can use a vast number of renewable biomass feedstocks which include but are not limited to non-food agricultural waste such as inedible soybeans or other waste from production of food crops, switch grass, animal manure, byproducts of the lumber industry, restaurant food waste, sludge from wastewater treatment plants, coconut husks, jatropha nuts, invasive plant species, seaweed, algae, and even municipal solid organic wastes (MSW). All of these contain the all important atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
The feedstock is continuously fed in batches into a collection chamber at the input end of the machinery used in the Rivera Process; thus, it is a continuous batch fed process. This machinery includes a number of components that are connected together. They are the primary feedstock collection chamber, a secondary collection chamber, a heated 65-foot-long reactor vessel measuring 12 inches in diameter, two cleaning chambers known as a cyclonic separators, a primary condensation chamber, a secondary condensation chamber, a heavy oil storage tank, a light oil storage tank, a biochar storage bin, and a compressed gas storage tank. The primary feedstock collection chamber is exposed to the open air. The remaining components of the equipment up to the oil and biochar storage tanks have all the air removed from them and are constantly maintained under a vacuum.
Delivery vehicles bring the feedstock to the Sustainable Power Corp. facility and deposit it into silos or large bins. Augers or conveyors deliver the feedstock into the primary feed collection chamber. When the primary feed collection chamber is filled, it is sealed and all the air is removed by vacuum pumps. When the primary feed collection chamber is void of all air, a valve at the bottom opens and dumps the feedstock into the attached secondary collection chamber, which is the primary continuous feed to the reactor and which already maintains a vacuum. Once all the feedstock has been transferred into the secondary collection chamber, the valve connecting it to the primary feed collection chamber is closed in order to maintain the vacuum. The primary feed collection chamber is then reopened to the atmosphere to receive the next batch of feedstock from the auger or conveyor. The above process is then repeated, thus making the Rivera Process a continuous batch feed process converting to a continuous flow process, maintaining the crucial harmonics of the chemical and mechanical reactions necessary for the Rivera Process.
The feedstock that now fills the evacuated secondary collection is then delivered by an auger into the attached receiving end of the 65-foot-long reactor vessel. At this point, a licensed proprietary catalyst invented by Mr. Rivera is injected into the processing vessel. The processing vessel is heated along its length by a number of separate electrical heating elements which are wrapped around the vessel. Each heating element heats a one-foot section of the vessel and temperature gauges read the internal temperature every 11 feet along the vessel.
The temperature in the first 11-foot section of the vessel is maintained at 600 degrees Fahrenheit. This causes the proprietary catalyst to become active in two steps. The first is the energizing step where a component of the catalyst is energized and causes the main mass of the catalyst to become active. The energizing component then dies, leaving the remainder of the catalyst in an active state. The catalyst will remain active as long as the processing vessel remains heated above 350 degrees Fahrenheit. When the feedstock mixes with the activated catalyst in the heated vessel, a unique, highly energetic, catalytic thermo chemical reaction begins to take place whereby the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms in the feedstock become separated from each other at extraordinary reaction speeds that also releases the energy that held them together in their molecular bonds. This energy is released in the form of heat which is hot enough to allow the electrical heating elements to be cycled off. Most of the Rivera Process is heated by this released energy which is known as an exothermic reaction. At the completion of this stage of the process, the only materials in the processing vessel are now gases and feedstock ashes known as biochar. During this reaction state, it is critical that the vacuum is maintained because any introduction of outside atmospheric oxygen will cause the reaction to exceed the desired reaction rate and the entire process will be automatically shut down by a massive infusion of nitrogen gas held in attached storage tanks. Note: each time new feed enters the processing vessel, this reaction starts all over again.
The feedstock, which has now been converted into gases and biochar, moves along the remainder of the processing vessel where the temperatures are gradually reduced and the reaction is completed. The cooled gases and biochar are then fed into the first of the two cyclonic separators which removes the largest of the particles of biochar and carbon particles. The second cyclonic separator then removes the finer carbon particles which are finer than talcum powder.
It takes about eight minutes to go from the input end of the equipment to the output; thus, millions of years of chemical reactions and heat necessary to produce Petroleum are condensed into a time span of only eight minutes to produce Vertroleum® crude oil!
SSTP Time Machine
Vertroleum® is created by “chemical hydrolysis with a modified pyrolysis and the use of nano bacteria,” which John Rivera has dubbed the “Rivera Process.”
Containing the same hydrocarbons as petroleum crude oil, Vertroleum® is a mixture of hydrocarbons C-5 pentane and C-20 eicosane. When used in the same distillation process used by petroleum companies, Vertroleum® can be further refined to produce a biogasoline (BG-100), a substitute for gasoline E85 in flexible-fuel vehicles, biokerosene (jet fuel), a diesel blendstock, naptha (an octane enhancer), heating fuel, refined diesel, pharmaceutical grade glycerin, tars and plastics. The company’s biocrude oil can be refined into 69 other renewable fuels or chemical materials as certified by AmSpec. In addition, AmSpec verified that most of the bio-crude “cuts” meet or exceed ASTM standards whereby the product doesn’t need tier testing.
First lets go over the facts. SSTP's biocrude oil (Vertroleum®) contains the same hydrocarbons as petroleum crude oil. Vertroleum® is a mixture of hydrocarbons C-5 Pentane to C-20 Eicosane, when put through the same distillation process used by petroleum companies you can produce Biogasoline, Bio-Oils, Biokerosene, Bio-Jet Fuel, Biodiesel Fuel, Bioheating Fuel, Bioplastics.
Now lets go over the Summit Environmental Technologies Laboratory Reports
from 6-29-2006, on Vertroleum®. These results were taken from biocrude produced
from soybeans. These results were taken from the refined Biocrude oil.
ALKANES
Parameter
Vertroleum® Cut #1
Results %
C-1 to C-4
<0.01
C-5 Pentane
0.09
C-6 Hexane
0.48
C-7 Heptane
2.96
C-8 Octane
8.84
C-9 Nonane
8.42
C-10 Decane
15.66
C-11 Undecane
8.55
C-12 Dodecane
4.87
C-13 Tridecane
3.07
C-14 Tetradecane
2.06
C-15 Pentadecane
1.11
C-16 Hexadecane
2.41
C-17 Heptadecane
3.39
C-18 Octadecane
15.09
C-19 Nonadecane
22.79
C-20 Eicosane
0.21
Parameter
Vertroleum® Cut #2
Results %
C-1 to C-4 Methane to Butane
<0.01
C-5 Pentane
0.14
C-6 Hexane
0.79
C-7 Heptane
1.78
C-8 Octane
24.31
C-9 Nonane
27.02
C-10 Decane
21.00
C-11 Undecane
18.78
C-12 Dodecane
4.06
C-13 Tridecane
1.49
C-14 Tetradecane
0.52
C-15 Pentadecane
0.11
Fuel
percentages from Vertroleum® Oil Soybean Cut 1#
C-5 to C-12 - 49.87% Gasoline Fuel
C-13 to C-20 - 50.13% Diesel Fuel
Fuel percentages from Vertroleum® Oil Soybean Cut 2#
C-5 to C-12 - 97.88% Gasoline Fuel
C-13 to C15 - 2.12% Diesel Fuel
Just as exciting is the fact that if Vertroleum® is processed using traditional crude oil refining processes, the resulting substances include bio-plastic feedstock's, bioasphalt, 94 octane biogasoline, biokerosene, biojetfuel, light biosolvents, and more than 40 additional byproducts'!
The Rivera Process gives us all that without the use of water in the process, atmospheric emissions, or the need for excessive amounts of energy consumption during processing. To appreciate this we need only remember that for every watt of input energy, the Rivera Process produces 10 watts of high grade fuel.
Corn based ethanol uses 129 watts of energy to produce 100 watts of fuel and requires immense amounts of water. In fact, to produce enough corn based ethanol to travel one mile, we must use 28 gallons of precious water. Biodiesel also uses significant amounts of water, energy, and fossil fuel methanol while outputting biodiesel along with glycerin waste products.